US Citizenship Test 問題集で学ぶアメリカ市民権公民テスト対策12　スピーキング　＃在米鍋会

Advocate: Supporter – a person who publicly promotes or recommends a particular cause, policy, or idea.支持者、擁護者

Arrested: Detained – taken into custody by law enforcement for alleged criminal activity.

Bear arms: Carry weapons – exercise the right to possess and use firearms.

Civilian: Nonmilitary – a person not serving in the armed forces or law enforcement.　一般市民

Claim: Assert – state or assert that something is true, typically without providing evidence.　主張、申し立て

Country of Nationality: Nation of Citizenship – the country to which a person belongs by birth or legal citizenship.

Crime: Offense – an illegal act punishable by law.

Detention facility: Holding facility – a place where individuals are held in custody, often by law enforcement or immigration authorities.　拘置所、収容施設

Disability: Impairment – a physical or mental condition that limits a person’s ability to function.

Divorce: Dissolution – the legal termination of a marriage.

Fail: Unsuccessful – not meeting expectations or achieving a desired outcome.

False: Untrue – not in accordance with fact or reality.　詐欺的な

File a tax return: Submit tax forms – submit official documents to the government reporting income and taxes owed.

Forcing sexual contact or relations: Sexual assault – engaging in sexual activity with someone without their consent.

☆Fraudulent: Deceptive – involving deceit or trickery, typically for personal gain.

Gamble: Wager – play games of chance for money or other stakes.

Genocide: Mass extermination – the deliberate killing of a large group of people, especially of a particular ethnic group.

Guerrilla group: Insurgent force – a group of irregular fighters engaged in military activities against an established government or authority.

Habitual drunkard: Chronic alcoholic – a person who regularly and excessively consumes alcohol.

Immigration benefit: Migration advantage – a favorable outcome or advantage gained through immigration laws or policies.　グリーンカード、ビザ、市民権など

☆Insurgent organization: Rebel group – a group that revolts against an established government or authority.　反乱組織

Jail: Prison – a facility for the confinement of individuals accused or convicted of a crime.

Labor camp: Forced labor facility – a place where individuals are compelled to work, often under harsh conditions.

☆Legally incompetent: Mentally incapacitated – lacking the legal capacity to make decisions due to mental impairment.　法的に能力が不十分な　最近はこう言う言い方をするのね。なんかこっちの方が失礼に聞こえるんだけど違うのかな。

Lie: Deceive – intentionally make false statements with the intent to deceive.

Marital Status: Marital condition – the state of being single, married, divorced, or widowed.

Married: Wedded – having a legally recognized union with a spouse.

Mental institution: Psychiatric hospital – a facility for the treatment of mental illness.

Military unit: Armed force – an organized group within the military with a specific function or task.　軍隊、軍団

Militia: Citizen army – a military force composed of ordinary citizens trained for emergency service.　民兵

Misleading: Deceptive – giving the wrong idea or impression.　

Misrepresentation: Distortion – the action of giving a false or misleading account of the nature of something.

Noncombatant: Civilian – a person not engaged in fighting during a war.　非戦闘員

Nonresident:  a person who does not reside in a particular place or jurisdiction.

Obtain: Acquire – get or secure something through effort or action.　獲得する、取得する

Overdue: Delinquent – not paid or received by the due date.

Owe: Be indebted – be under obligation to pay or repay money.

☆Paramilitary unit: Militarized group – an armed organization that operates similarly to a military force but is not officially recognized as such.　準軍事部隊

☆Persecute: Oppress – subject someone to hostility or ill-treatment, especially because of their race, religion, or beliefs.　迫害する

Prison: Penitentiary – a facility for the confinement of individuals convicted of crimes.

Police unit: Law enforcement agency – an organized group responsible for maintaining public order and enforcing laws.　警察部隊

Prison camp: Detention center – a facility where prisoners are held, often under harsh conditions.

☆Probation: Supervised release – a period during which a person who has committed a crime is monitored instead of being imprisoned.　保護観察、執行猶予

Public benefit: Government assistance – financial or other aid provided by the government to those in need.

Rebel group: Insurgent force – a group that opposes or fights against an established government or authority.　反乱グループ、反逆グループ

Register: Enroll – officially record or enter one’s name on an official list or register.

Resident: Inhabitant – a person who lives in a particular place or residence.

Single: Unmarried – not married or in a romantic relationship.

Self-defense unit: Protection force – a group organized for the purpose of defending against threats or attacks.　自衛隊

☆Smuggle: Traffic – transport goods or people illegally.　密輸する

Spouse: Partner – a husband or wife in relation to their married partner.

Title of nobility: Aristocratic rank – a hereditary rank or privilege granted by a sovereign authority.　貴族の称号

Torture: Infliction of pain – the action or practice of inflicting severe pain or suffering on someone as a punishment or to force them to do or say something.

Vigilante unit: Citizen patrol – a self-appointed group of citizens who undertake law enforcement activities without legal authority.

Weapon: Armament – a tool or instrument used for fighting or self-defense.

Widowed: Bereaved – having lost one’s spouse through death.

☆Deploy: Send out – move troops or equipment into position for military action.　配備する、展開する

Stationed: Positioned – assign military personnel to a particular location or base.

Court-martialed: Tried – subject to a trial by military court for alleged offenses committed while serving in the armed forces.　軍法会議にかけられた

Discharged: Released – officially released from military service or duty.

Alien: Foreigner – a person who is not a citizen or national of a particular country.